The Sigmund Freud

Born in Australia, one of the famous scholars.

Unconscious motivation: unconscious reasons for feelings and actions

Unconscious dynamics: conflict between different systems in the brain leading to dreams, speech errors, jokes, etc.

The psychodynamic approach

Psychoanalytic Divisions of the mind:

• Id: present at birth, instincutal, animalistic does not distinguish fantasy from reality operates according to the Pleasure Principle
• Ego: develops out of the id in infancy understands reality and logic mediator between id and superego
• Superego: internalization of society’s moral standards responsible for guilt

Stages of development

Freud’s stage theory:

1. Oral: birth - 1 year, the mouth is associated with sexual pleasure
2. Anal: 1-3 years, the anus is associated with pleasure
3. Phallic: 3-5 years, the focus of pleasure shirts to the genitals
4. Latency: 5 years - puberty, sexuality is repressed
5. Genital: puberty on: sexual feelings re0emerge and are oriented toward others. Healthy adults find pleasure in love and work.

Defense mechanisms

Displacement: redirect energy to a more appropriate target.

Hysteria: blindness, deafness, paralysis, trembling panic attachs, gaps of memory, etc.

(credit to Coursera)